A few nights ago I finished
Clement and the Early Church of Rome: On the Dating of Clement's First Epistle to the Corinthians by Rev. Thomas J. Herron. This book is according to the preface a re-working of the late author's doctoral dissertation from 1988 at the Pontifical Gregorian University (Monsignor Herron died of pancreatic cancer in 2004). It argues for a date of circa 70 AD for
1 Clement rather than the commonly accepted circa 96 AD. Rev. Herron was not the first to argue for this earlier date. There is little dispute that the letter was written by Clement, but such an early date means it may have been written before Clement was
monepiskopos of Rome. Rev. Herron also concludes that
the letter shows no trace of monepiscopacy.... He also states "[a]n earlier
1 Clement, [
sic] would help locate Ignatius [of Antioch, who was martyred in Rome circa 107-110 AD] on a more linear track of development from the simple presbyteral doctrine of
1 Clement. In effect, then,
1 Clement should not be seen to conflict with Ignatius' monepiscopal emphasis since
1 Clement does not represent the Roman church order shortly before Ignatius, i.e. in AD 96, but
substantially before, i.e., in AD 70. Thus
1 Clement can be seen to provide a precious and primitive defense of the apostolic origin of church order in itself, while Ignatius gives us the earliest extant specification of that order in tripartite form." [T]
ripartite form refers to the bishop (singular), priests, and deacons that St. Ignatius repeatedly indicated in his several letters.
So just what was St. Clement when he wrote this epistle if in fact it was before he was Bishop of Rome, that is, before he was pope (presuming Clement, the author of the epistle, is the same Clement as Clement I)? According to his entry in
A Dictionary of Popes, which places Clement's papacy as c.91-c.101 AD:
While Clement's position as leading presbyter and spokesman of the Christian community at Rome is assured, his letter suggests that the monarchical episcopate had not yet emerged there, and it is therefore impossible to form any precise conception of his constitutional role.
Anyway, Rev. Herron's book is fairly technical reading but should interest those curious about the first century church. And it is only 136 pages. And as many good books do, it alerts the reader to other good books, one of which I'm now reading and about which I wrote in another thread:
.pdf books online & Amazon's Send to Kindle